One possible explanation is that when the game was imported to Italy, the Persian rokh became the Italian word rocca, meaning fortress. However, in the West, the rook is almost universally represented as a fortified tower. The Persian word rokh means chariot, and the corresponding pieces in Oriental chess games such as xiangqi and shogi have names meaning chariot. Originally, the rook symbolized a chariot. The rook also participates, along with the king, in a special move called castling. Like other pieces, it captures by occupying the square on which an enemy piece stands. The rook moves horizontally or vertically, forward or back, through any number of unoccupied squares. In algebraic notation, white's rooks start on a1 and h1, while black's rooks start on a8 and h8. Each player starts with two rooks, one in each of the corners nearest their own side. A rook (borrowed from Persian رخ rokh, "chariot") is a piece in the strategy board game of chess.
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